Impact of Pollution on Natural Resources and Health

Impact of Pollution on Natural Resources and Health Pollution in its many forms is causing increasing damaging to our natural resources and health. Pollution The result of some of todays technological advances is extreme pollution. It can be seen, heard, tasted or even smelt as we drive along our main roads, stroll along our sidewalks or even from the supposing comfort of our home. Also the very food we eat might be polluted though we may not be aware. In this essay I will be discussing the main causes and effects of air, water and noise pollution. Pollution in its many forms is causing increasing damaging to our natural resources and health and lifestyles. Carbon dioxide is one the main causes of air pollution. Even though humans exhale carbon dioxide, this gas is harmful when emitted from other sources, which are caused due to human activity. Carbon dioxide gas is used in various industries such as the oil industry and the chemical industry. The manufacturing process of most products requires the use of this gas. Also the combustion of fossil fuels and the harmful effects of deforestation have all contributed. Amongst the various gasse s emitted during a volcanic eruption, carbon dioxide remains to be at least 40% of the emission. Scientists have identified carbon dioxide as one of those elements that are contributing to global warming. When fuels are burned, some of the pollutants released are greenhouses gases. Though through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and use the carbon to grow larger. The amount of carbon dioxide released by burning fuels is much more than plants can convert. Many industrial facilities use clean water to carry away waste from their plants and dump it into rivers, lakes and oceans. Furthermore domestic households, industrial and agricultural practices produce wastewater that may cause pollution. Human infectious diseases are among the most serious effects of water pollution, especially in developing countries, where sanitation may be inadequate or non-existent. Waterborne diseases occur when parasites or other disease-causing microorganisms are transmitted via contaminated water. These include typhoid, intestinal parasites, and most of the diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Among the most serious parasitic diseases are amoebiasis, giardiasis, ascariasis, and hookworm. Water pollution can make fish sick and even can kill them. Humans are the biggest threat to fish. There are many ways that humans pollute waters. Some of those ways are by dumping oil, radioactive waste and trash into rivers, lakes and seas. This s ort of pollution over these years is only increasing at a staggering rate. Noise pollution from ship engines and sonar systems make it difficult for marine mammals like whales, dolphins, and porpoises to communicate, find food, and avoid hazards. Powerful sonar systems operating at certain frequencies may cause damage to marine mammals sound-sensitive internal structures, causing internal bleeding and even death. Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects. Furthermore, stress and hypertension are the leading causes to health problems. A comparison of Maaban tribesmen, who were insignificantly exposed to transportation or industrial noise, to a typical U.S. population showed that constant exposure to moderately high levels of environmental noise contributes to hearing loss. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects and exposure to moderately high levels during a single eight hour period causes a statistical rise in blood pressure of five to ten points and an increase in stress and vasoconstriction leading to the increased blood pressure. As this essay clearly shows air, water and noise pollution drastically affect humans and our natural habitats. So please reader think twice about dumping garbage into rivers or streams think of the long term effects of that garbage on not only you but on the fish in that stream or where that stream will run. Also what will happen when someone eats that contaminated fish or drinks the contaminated water, because It is evident that pollution in its many forms is causing increasing damaging to our natural resources and health and we as humans need to be more careful about what we do. After all it was us humans that started pollution in the first place.

Analysis and Interpretation of Crickets

Analysis and interpretation of Crickets In the short story Crickets by Robert Olen Butler, we are introduced to the main character of the short story, Ted. Ted is not his real name, but a nickname that was given to him by his coworkers at the refinery where he works. He does not particularly like his nickname, but he does not hate it either. His real name is Thieu just like the former president of the Republic of Vietnam. He wasn’t named after the president though; his mother named him after his dead uncle.Thieu grew up in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, but later fled to the U. S. He witnessed the fall of Saigon in 1975 – and that was when he decided to fight against the North. The north was communistic, and Thieu was throwing rocks at the tanks driving through the streets of Saigon. Because of the situation in Vietnam, Thieu and his wife fled to the U. S. in hope of a better life. They ended up in Louisiana just like many other refugees from Vietnam. He works at the refi nery and has been working there for more than a decade.He is considered the best chemical engineer of the refinery, even though he doesn’t always feel that his coworkers give him the right or appropriate amount of recognition, which he (in his own opinion) knows that he deserves. He likes his job at the refinery despite his coworkers giving him a American nickname and only using that. Thieu believes that it’s probably because they don’t like the fact that he is from Vietnam where American troops have just been fighting in a war against his fellow-countrymen. Thieu doesn’t believe in the values of the Northern regime, which is also his reason for fleeing to the U.S. Thieu’s wife has, while living in America, given birth to their first and only son. The name of his son is perhaps the most non-Vietnamese name that they could find, Bill. Bill is ten years old, and is: â€Å"[†¦] the product of the first night my wife and I spent in Lake Charles, in a cheap motel with the sky outside red from the refineries. † (p. 25, l. 27-28). Bill is a very typical ten year-old, American boy. Like many other young boys he does not always think that his father is the coolest person to hang out with, and when Thieu propose the idea of them doing something together he answers with : â€Å"†Sure, Pop. † He said, though there was a certain suspicion in his voice, like he didn’t trust me on the subject of fun. † (p. 26, l. 5-6). He probably reacts in this way because he would much rather sit in front of the television, watching cartoons which has superheroes, who are fighting the battle of good vs. evil instead. Thieu and Bills relationship to one another looks very ordinary from an outside perspective, but it is actually quite complex from an inside perspective. When Bill says goodbye to his father in the morning he is doing it in a very ‘Louisianic’ way: â€Å"Have a good day, y’all. (p. 25 , l. 30) – you can almost hear the southern accent when you read it. And when Thieu says goodbye to him in Vietnamese he just giggles like it’s a joke. It is clear that Thieu wants Bill to learn Vietnamese because at the moment he only speaks English; he is an American and Thieu and his wife are Vietnamese and to Thieu this is creating some sort of ‘cleft’ between them that is making it harder for them to bond like father and son. Thieu wants to teach Bill one of the games that he used to play as a child. It involves catching crickets and then have them fight each other.But when they go ‘hunting’ for these crickets Thieu realizes that his son and himself has completely different values and that they’re obviously different from one another. For a brief while Thieu believes that he has his son interested in his game. The game involves catching crickets, either charcoal or fire crickets. When they are out in the wild to catch these cricket s his son’s Americanization shines through. He does not want to touch the crickets that he finds, like Thieu did when he was a child. So Thieu has to pick them up for him.And it only goes downhill from there. Bill worries more about getting his new Reebok sneakers dirty than having fun and playing with his father – and he only worries about if the mother can get them clean again. Thieu is obviously disappointed. He is not disappointed because of the sons lack of interest, but rather because he has not been able to give his own son some Vietnamese ballast, it seems like he has no idea where his parents are from or what they have gone through for him. It might be because he is only ten years old.The title Crickets represents the two types of crickets, charcoal and fire, which represents the two different civilization that Thieu and Bill are part of. Just like when Thieu was a child, his son and himself they keep crickets in matchboxes and kept them agitated by continuous poking and flicking. This resulted in them fighting each other to death. The charcoal crickets represent the U. S. : They’re large and strong, but can easily become confused – and he makes them appear rather unintelligent. The fire crickets on the other hand represent Vietnam, or perhaps Asia in general.They’re not particularly strong or big like the charcoal crickets, but they’re smarter and faster than them – just like Thieu is smaller than his fellow American coworkers, but he’s smarter than them. When these two different crickets aren’t agitated they can live in peace, but when they’re constantly agitated at one another they’ll end up fighting, and it will often end with someone dying. Thieu has indeed achieved The American Dream. He has moved to a better place and he has shaped/created his own future with hard work and determination.But while achieving this has he lost some of the Vietnamese values from his upbrini ng in the Mekong Delta? Perhaps. His son is one-hundred percent American in the way he dress and act; he only speaks English and this bothers Thieu to some extent. But is that alright, shouldn’t he be happy that his son does not have to go through the same that he did – one might wonder. Thieu wants to relive his Vietnamese childhood ‘through’ the son, but he does not seem to succeed, probably because the son is too American to understand or appreciate these values.

Globalization And Tesco Essay

Terms of Reference The aim of this report is to give a detailed explanation of globalisation, what its main drivers are, its undesirable effects, how big a part Tesco plays in going global and what political, economic, sociocultural, technological and legal forces a multinational organisation might face when expanding into other countries. Main Body Globalisation Globalisation is the integration of the world’s domestic economies into one single international market. It can also be defined as the ‘death of distance’ (Cairncross, 1997). Globalisation allows for the free trade of goods and services between nations; it allows workers to be employed more easily around the world; it allows businesses to benefit from foreign direct investment (FDI) and it allows markets to develop at a faster rate due to the interchange of new technological advances and intellectual knowledge. The process of globalisation is motivated largely by the desire of multinational corporations to increase profit but also by the motivation of individual national governments to tap into the wider macroeconomic and social benefits that come from greater trade in goods, services and the free flow of financial capital. * The term globalisation is generally used to describe an increasing internationalisation of markets for goods and services, the means of production, financial systems, competition, corporations, technology and industries. Amongst other things this gives rise to increased mobility of capital, faster propagation of technological innovations and an increasing interdependency and uniformity of national markets. (OECD, 2001). The process of globalisation has several main drivers apart from of course multinational companies wanting to expand. Barriers to international trade are falling, tariffs and other import controls have declined making it  cheaper and easier to trade between countries. Trading blocs allow for the free trade between countries within it, the EU has become the most powerful trading bloc in the world with a GDP nearly as large as that of the United States. There has been a major improvement in transportation, for example, containerisation greatly reduces the expense of international trade and increases its speed, especially of consumer goods and commodities, bringing prices down in the country of manufacture and closer to the prices in the export market. Deregulation of global financial markets allows for FDI and an increase in the free flow of money. Tesco – A Global Organisation Tesco is the largest chain of supermarket within the UK; it dominates the market with a share of 25%, making it a monopoly. The company has become successful through strong marketing techniques, good store location and efficient inventory management. It was one of the first to recognise that there was a gap in the market for unbranded value goods, which helped it to fast-track to the leading position in the UK in the early 1990’s. In 1995, Tesco overtook Sainsbury’s as the UK’s largest supermarket (www.corporatewatch.org) so as the company grew stronger and generated a larger cash flow, management decided that the only way to expand even further was to invest abroad. When Tesco researched into international markets they decided that entering into countries where there were already well established supermarkets would not be the best option as they would struggle with tough competition. Unless Tesco invested heavily into research and development (R+D) in these established markets, they would not be able to compete with domestic chains that would already have a clear understanding of the needs and wants of their consumers. They decided to expand into emerging economies where there was little competition such as Eastern Europe and Asia. Tesco initially expanded into Ireland and France but ‘The perceived success (or otherwise) of their early venture abroad would have been considered insignificant to the company’s fortunes at home, and as a result, this largely undermined the company’s (perceived) efforts in the eyes of the financial markets as being a peripheral and/or even a distraction to the  core UK business’ (Palmer, 2005). So in 1995, according to Tescoplc.com, Tesco’s first port of call was Hungary, this was also the year they introduced the Tesco Clubcard (www.tescoplc.com), this shows that as well as wanting to expand abroad, Tesco still wanted to build and retain a customer loyalty in the UK. Tesco expanded into Hungary as well as the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland by acquiring large stakes in domestic retailers. This strategy of expanding was clearly successful as Tesco now have over 205 stores in Hungary, one of which is the biggest store in the world and over 21,000 employees (www.tescoplc.com). By merging with domestic retailers there was a lot less risk than building new supermarkets as these companies had a deeper understanding of the markets they were participating in and allowed Tesco to gain an understanding of specific consumer demands in different countries, but without the financial strength of Tesco these companies would not have been able to expand much further. In 1998, Tesco expanded again into Taiwan and Thailand, with the same business venture of acquiring shares of well knows retailers. China, being one of the world’s BRIC economies would clearly be of interest to a fast expanding western company, this is because of its advances towards capitalism and its low labour costs. The move into China came in 2004. After much deliberation with potential partners, Tesco settled on a joint venture with Hymall who had been operating in china for 6 years. This was their biggest move yet as there was so much potential to expand at a much faster rate in a growing economy. By 2007 after having investments in 46 stores, they had enough customer awareness to be to open their own branded store (www.bbc.co.uk/news). Asda is Tesco’s biggest rival in the UK, in 1999 it was taken over by the American superstore Wal-Mart. This would have influenced Tesco to increase its performance as even though Asda is not as big in the UK, Wal-Mart is the biggest company in the world and would have the financial capacity to increase the competitiveness of Asda – ‘The takeover has far-reaching consequences for British retail as other companies react to it and find new ways to compete’ (Corporate Watch, 2004). How is Tesco affected by international Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological and Legal forces? Tesco operates in six other countries of the EU apart from the UK so its performance is now affected by the European Union (EU). Different tax policies, trade restrictions and tariffs will apply across every border, Tesco will need to include these differences when calculating their costs. In the UK, corporation tax lies between 20%-26%, but in comparison it is 40.69% in Japan. Multinational companies will need to take into consideration how much influence the government has over the country of potential investment – i.e. whether it is a dictatorship or democracy etc., and whether there is too much state control that could prevent the company from working efficiently and producing enough profit. As Tesco continues to expand, it may encounter problems with different monopoly regulations and competition authorities. In the UK, the Competition Commission investigates all mergers and take overs and ensures that there is healthy competition to benefit consumers, companies and the economy as a whole. This is so that customers aren’t exploited by monopolies in the market – i.e. by paying higher prices and smaller businesses have a higher chance of survival. Multinational companies need to monitor the economic climate of countries they wish to expand to. During the recent economic downturn, the consumer electronics market has been one of the hardest hit, as incomes are cut the demand for luxury items has also fallen. ‘Operating losses of  £46.7million in six months’ -because of this ‘Best Buy’ has had to close down their stores resulting in a huge loss of jobs (The Guardian, 2011). Tesco may not get hit as hard when expanding because of their diversity of products but they do need to ensure that they are entering new markets with the potential to gain a domina nt market share so that they are not forced to shut down even when consumer demand is low. The minimum wage in the UK as it stands is  £6.08 an hour (www.direct.gov.uk, October 2011) however this will not be the same in every country and Tesco has faced exploitation allegations concerning this. In 2006, Tesco faced allegations over the treatment of workers in Bangladesh; War on Want alleged that wages were as low as 5p an hour and that workers were working 80+ hour weeks. However, Tesco stated that ‘Our suppliers comply with local labour laws and workers at all Bangladeshi suppliers to Tesco are paid above the national minimum wage’ (The Guardian, 2006). It may be unfair that the minimum wage is so low but it is not Tesco’s fault, however they are doing nothing in the way to  improve the situation so they will still face a lot of negative media. Consumers in every country have different demands, the food and drink supplied in the UK may be completely different to the needs and wants of people in China. Tesco need to appreciate that the food they retail in England may not appeal to other countries and so would have had to invest strongly in R+D to find out what they need to stock on their shelves. Merging with leading companies would have helped them to do this but much investment would have been needed in new raw materials and machinery to produce the different goods. ‘In the UK pies and sausages might take pride of place in Tesco’s meat refrigeration cabinets but in China, customers can browse through baskets of braised pig trotters, bundled together in fours by string’ (The Telegraph, 2011). To be successful in merging into foreign markets, Tesco has understood that they need to adapt their operations and that the way stores are run in the UK may not suit the way companies are run in different countries. Instead of sending UK staff overseas to manage stores, Tesco has employed domestic managers that will understand fully the needs and wants of their consumers. In the UK, Tesco now supplies international cuisine to apply to all areas of the market, for example there are whole aisles filled with different Indian spices and shelves stacked with Polish branded goods. Religion in different nations will affect what Tesco can sell in their stores, meat is easily sold in the UK but in some religions it is not part of people’s diet so Tesco will need to provide suitable substitutions. Expanding outside of the UK means that Tesco will be exposed to and highly influenced by other laws and legislation different to that of the UK government. The way in which vegetables and fruit are produced and grown in the UK may not comply with laws in other countries. In 2011, an investigation by Greenpeace discovered that vegetables sold in supermarkets contained levels of illegal pesticides or pesticides exceeding the maximum level that should be found in the food, making the produce illegal to sell in China. ‘Supermarket giants such as Tesco should be leading the way when it comes to shifting China’s agricultural industry to an eco-agricultural one, which includes reducing the country’s heavy use of chemicals in production. And instead they, along with Lotus and Lianhua, are seriously lax in keeping to China’s current standards’ (Greenpeace, 2011). Why would Globalisation be considered undesirable? Globalisation has been linked to a widening of inequalities in income and wealth. The benefits of globalisation are mainly going to the rich developed countries whilst the poor in the developing world are getting poorer. This is because multinational companies can exploit workers in LEDC’s as they do not have the power to fight back. Wealthy companies from any one country are only going to target expanding or rich companies in another; this reduces the chances of small businesses to become successful and forces many to shut down. As Tesco expands, it will need to increase its supply of raw materials and factories to manufacture in, this provides jobs in poorer countries because of the cheap labour pool, but because these multinational companies are so dominating they have the power to exploit workers and pay them extremely low wages. Workers in poorer countries may also lose their jobs due to the rapid technological change and the fact that machinery can remove inefficiencies from the work force. This also results in structural unemployment where many industries are weakening due to their long-term decline of use and the investment in capital-labour substitutions. The workers in these environments then find it difficult to find another job in a different industry as their skills are specific to their previous job. The biggest long term threat to arise from globalisation is the effect that it will have on the environment, rapid growth and development may lead to irreversible damage. Demand for timber, for example, has led to large scale deforestation in the developing world. Improvements in transportation is one of the main drivers of globalisation, as it is now much cheaper and far easier to transport goods around the world, however much more fuel is being used and many more emissions are being created. Pollution can have an effect not only on the environment but also on the health of people, as China continues to be the world’s fastest growing economy there are many health consequences to be aware of. A report by the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that ‘diseases triggered by indoor and outdoor air pollution kill 656,000 Chinese citizens each year, and polluted drinking water kills another 95,600.’ Conclusion From my research I have shown the factors why Tesco went global; these include the need to dominate international markets after becoming the biggest supermarket within the UK, the success of their strategies of merging with other companies with market knowledge and the rate of technological change that has allowed Tesco to grow so quickly. I have highlighted PESTL factors that Tesco may face such as the economic climates of different countries, sociocultural issues such as adapting to the needs and wants of consumers from a different market and the negative press that such a large company is bound to face. Even though globalisation is favoured by many, its effects can sometimes be undesirable, it is changing the world at such a phenomenal pace that there is always going to be some disadvantages and sadly it is always going to be the people with less money and power that will suffer. References – BBC News. (2007). http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6300993.stm – Cairncross, F., (1997). The Death of Distance – Corporate Watch. (2004). http://www.corporatewatch.org.uk/?lid=21&query=asda+wal-mart#history – Directgov. (2011). http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/TheNationalMinimumWage/DG_10027201 – Nadia G., (2011). Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2058494/Carphone-warehouse-closes-Best-Buy-stores-More-1-000-jobs-threat.html – OECD. (2001). http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1121 – Palmer M., (2005). A case study of Tesco. Retail Multinational Learning. 33 (33,1), 28. – Randeep R., (2006).The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/dec/08/clothes.ethicalliving – Tan M., (2011) http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/news/blog/banned-pesticides-detected-on-vegetables-in-t/blog/36666/ – The Telegraph. (2011). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8152422/Five-things-Tesco-sells-in-China-but-not-in-the-UK.html?image=1 – www.tescoplc.com – WHO. http://www.who.int/en/

Berkeley Strategic Plans, And Boulder Strategic Plan

This analysis will present an introduction of three different IT plans: Baldrige Criteria, Berkeley Strategic Plan, and Boulder Strategic Plan. This introduction will include a brief summary of the purposes of their creation and what each plan entails. After each plan is briefly introduced, the plans will then be analyzed against each other. This deeper analysis will present a few of both the similarities and the differences between each plan. After this comparison, a brief summary will be given and an opinionated view on each of the plans. The Baldrige Criteria is an available tool that can be used to improve your organization in multiple aspects; whether it is in competing with rivals, attaining set goals, or improving the overall†¦show more content†¦This strategic plan is primarily used for a college institution. The Boulder Strategic IT plan is similar to Berkley’s in the manner that it was created for a college’s faculty, staff, and students. 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My Senior Year Of High School - 1022 Words

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I participated in fundraising events, prom king competition and matured leading up to my senior year which was notRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School893 Words   |  4 Pageschanging my past for it is has led me to who I am now. However as I grow and reflect on circumstances that have occurred, I realize that there are instances in which I yearn that I would have done things differently. One perhaps being, I wish in my senior year of high school I would have worked less hours at my job and enjoyed my classes, events, and token opportunities in school. The summer before my senior year of high school began my parents had taken the decision that after twenty years of marriageRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School1210 Words   |  5 PagesI am not sure what about my senior year of high school led to so many times of reevaluation as opposed to other years. 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Although I have moved to a new place, and have been forced to start everything completely over againRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School1360 Words   |  6 Pages Towards the end of my senior year of high school, I was preparing for the next chapter of my life. I would be attending UC Davis in the summer for a four weeklong orientation program, specifically for first generation college students. This was the first time I would be leaving home by myself to a different country and it was the first time in over eight years that I would be exposed to the American culture. I did not have any roots in any American city nor did I have a so-called â€Å"home state.† HoweverRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School965 Words   |  4 PagesMy senior year of high school and I still felt like a freshman. The typical freshman vibe of not fitting in due to the fact that I was a new kid in school and the majority of people had been there since junior kindergarten. These four years at Cann on School have been an emotional rollercoaster. Due to the fact that I couldn’t find any friends for the first two years. I thought that I would find a group that I could hang out with but, it didn’t seem like I was fitingt into any of the cliques. I hadRead MoreMy Senior Year At High School1649 Words   |  7 Pageswhere they want their lives to go. What path they want to take, where they want to be in 5 years, but there are also some people who have absolutely no idea what their doing. I, unfortunately, am one of those people. Towards the end of my senior year in high school I wasn t thinking of what I was going to do. I didn t have a job and I hadn t even applied for one college yet. And this of course was getting on my mom s nerves. â€Å"It’s time for you to grow up and get serious, I don t want you to endRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School949 Words   |  4 Pagesan education was important. My mother was not able to afford high school in Mexico so she always advised my sisters and me to take full advantage of the free school system in America; and that is what we did. My senior year of high school was tough. For the first few months of my senior year I did not feel excited about college the way that my peers. That is until I visited Trinity Lutheran College on one of its Fall Visit Days. I instantly fell in love with the school. The professor were amazingRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School1105 Words   |  5 PagesAs the spring semester of my senior year of high school began, I still wasn t sure what I wanted to study when I began college in the fall. I always had been a good problem-solver, and I was fairly certain I wanted to study engineering, but I didn t know which discipline interested me the most. As my high school graduation date loomed closer, I began to get anxious about not having chosen a major. My parents, both having worked in the oil and gas industry in parts of their careers, encouragedRead MoreMy Senior Year Of High School1565 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Writing has never been my favorite thing to do; but taking Expository Reading and Writing my senior year of high school, as well as my English 101 course I am currently taking, my writing has evolved in tremendous ways. Writing has helped me express my opinion, point of view, and feelings, as well as clarifying my thoughts. Whether you’re an entrepreneur, small business owner, manager or an employee aspiring to any of those positions, you need to know how to write effectively for business

Gender Inequality - 2632 Words

â€Å"â€Å"GENDER INEQUALITY AND WOMEN IN INDIA† Md Shakil Anjum In India, since long, women were considered as an oppressed section of the society and they were neglected for centuries. During national struggle for independence, Mahatma Gandhi gave a call of emancipation of women. Men and women are both equal and both play vital role in the creation and development of their families in particular and society in general. Indeed the struggle for legal equality has been one of the major concerns of the women’s movement. Thus the first task in post independent India was to provide a constitution to the people, which would not make any distinction on the basis of sex. The preamble of the constitution†¦show more content†¦Whether there is a change in the gender bias of men, which kept women in passive roles? This paper seeks to probe these issues among the middle class women who are employed in different sectors. 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General Motor in The Market of Saudi Arabia †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the General Motor in The Market of Saudi Arabia. Answer: Introduction In the present business scenario, more organizations are opting for entry in the global market scenario in order to increase their market share and divide the business risk. Moreover, the entry in the global market will further help in increasing the brand identity and exposure in the market (Dunning, 2012). On the other hand, organizations opting for international entry are also facing various challenges regarding their operations in the host countries and choosing entry modes. Saudi Arabia is one of the prominent countries which are attracting favorable foreign investments in the recent times. Leveraging the sound economy based on export of crude petroleum, the government of Saudi Arabia is investing huge amount in infrastructures which is further contributing in attracting foreign investments (Samargandi, Fidrmuc and Ghosh 2014). The high per capita income is also a positive determinant for having foreign investment in the country. General motor is one of the leading automobile manufacturers from America. They are being considered as one of the top five automobile companies in the world. They are having some of the top automobile brands such as GMC, Chevrolet, Cadillac and Opel (Gm.com 2017). In Saudi Arabia General motor do not have manufacturing facilities currently. They are having vast dealership there and exporting their products from other countries. This report will discuss about the potential implications of the full fledge entry of General motor in the market of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the effective market entry strategies for them will also be discussed in this report. Implications in the target market The economy of Saudi Arabia will get enhanced with the entry of multinationals such as General motor. It will help to increase the competition in the market, thus the quality of the products will get increased and customers will have more options in choosing their products (Buckley and Clegg 2016). It will create a positive image about the economy and government of Saudi Arabia. Investments by the renowned organizations such as General motor in Saudi Arabia will further attract other organizations to invest in the country (Swanson, Singer and Downs 2013). It will create and enhance the goodwill of the country in the global market. Without having any automobile manufacturing facilities in the country, Saudi Arabia is trailing in having the latest technologies. Thus, entry of General motor in the country will also lead to the access to the latest automobile technologies having with them. The cost of the products of General motor will get reduced due to the reason that, it will not have to incur the import duties which they are currently paying. Employment will increase due to creation of new jobs in the manufacturing facilities. Having the manufacturing facilities by the automobile manufacturers also attracts other associated manufacturer to set up plants in the nearby locations. Thus, the employment opportunities will get increased (Buckley and Clegg 2016). Organizations such as General motor have effective corporate strategy regarding their social responsibilities (Suliman, Al-Khatib and Thomas 2016). Thus, investment by these organizations in the country will help in social empowerment. Influence of formal institutions in determining market entry strategies Formal institutions refer to the government policies, legislations and economic structures in the host country which should be considered before making the market entry by the particular organizations (Li and Zahra 2012). In the recent past, the market of Saudi Arabia was not open and liberated which caused negligible entries of foreign investments in the country. Moreover, issues with the neighborhood countries and lack of modern infrastructures and skilled employees have also restricted the foreign investments in the country. However, this scenario is rapidly changing and the government of Saudi Arabia is initiating various industry friendly legislations to attract foreign investors (Stankovic and Novakovic 2014). They are now establishing themselves as a potential automobile hub for the Middle Eastern regions. Government is working on implementing business friendly taxation policies and effective environment for the business. Currently they are allowing 100 percent foreign direct investment in having automobile manufacturing facilities. Government of Saudi Arabia is also initiating easy loans for the business organizations to set up their plants in the country more effectively. The current business policies of Saudi Arabia comprise of no income tax, no sales tax and only 20 percent corporate tax on the profits (Atwood et al. 2012). Thus, General motor should consider all these aspects before making the entry decisions in the market of Saudi Arabia. It is being recommended that the most effective market entry mode for the General motor will be having a joint venture with a local automobile distributor or manufacturer (Killing 2012). This is due to the reason that, it will help to set up the manufacturing facilities more quickly and effectively in the Saudi Arabian market. It will further help to have the access of the goodwill and reputation of the local partners. The local partners will have more market k nowledge than the General motor regarding the market requirement. Thus, it will enable General motor to have the market knowledge before entry in the market. In addition, it will help to attract the government incentives more effectively as it involved local partners in the project. The risk will also get divided with the local partners, which will help to regulate the future uncertainties in the international business. General motor do not have to incur the full risk and cost in operating their manufacturing facilities in the Saudi Arabian market. It will help them to reduce the price of the products as they do not have to import their cars from other countries (Killing 2012). Additionally, if the local partners are having any existing manufacturing facilities, then it will further help General motor in having easy and quick setting up the manufacturing facilities in the host country. The other market entry modes such as importing and having merchants will not attract the incentives being provided by the government and it cannot leverage the benefits being offered by the newly implemented policies. Influence of informal institutions in determining market entry strategies Informal institutions refer to the social structures, traditions and social condition in the host market. With having the rapid inflow of the foreign investments in the country, more and more educational institutions are coming up along with the government initiatives to enhance the skill development of the workforce in the country (Jackson 2015). Thus, the average skill set of the workforce in Saudi Arabia is increasing. It is a good opportunity for the foreign investors to have their manufacturing facilities in the country. With the increase in the economy of the Saudi Arabia, the per capita income is also rising along with the rise in the demand for automobiles. Thus, the market opportunity is also growing. Moreover, majority of the total population of Saudi Arabia is under the age of 30 which means the market is growing. In this era of globalization, people of Saudi Arabia are also having the access of newer technologies which makes them aware about the latest auto mobility in th e market. Thus, it will be an easy task for the General motor to offer their latest products in the market of Saudi Arabia. Market entry mode of joint venture will prove beneficial for them due to the reason that it will help to acquire the social cultures more effectively. The local partner will have the better knowledge about the social customs and condition of the market. It will help General motor to work and operate accordingly (Grunig and Morschett 2012). Moreover, having the local officials in the joint venture will help to design the working condition according to the informal institutions in the host market. The social responsibility strategy of General motor will be more effective due to the reason that it can be designed with the help of the domestic nationals (Suliman, Al-Khatib and Thomas 2016). The market requirement and inclination of the customers towards the particular type of vehicles will be more effectively determined by the joint venture. This is due to the reason that, the local partners will have the better knowledge than General motor in having the understanding about the local tre nd. Conclusion Having analyzed the various aspects of optimal entry mode for General motor in the market of Saudi Arabia, it can be concluded that joint venture with the local partner will be the most effective option for General motor. The implications of the entry of General motor in the market of Saudi Arabia are also being discussed. It can be said that, the economy of Saudi Arabia will have favorable impact due to their entry in the market. The economy as well as the average customer quality will be enhanced. The customers will have the more options in choosing their products in the market. In addition, the increase in the rate of the employment due to foreign investment will further enhance the economy of Saudi Arabia. With having the positive market force and business friendly legislations, the opportunities for General motor are huge if being managed effectively. References Atwood, T.J., Drake, M.S., Myers, J.N. and Myers, L.A., 2012. Home country tax system characteristics and corporate tax avoidance: International evidence.The Accounting Review,87(6), pp.1831-1860. Buckley, P.J. and Clegg, J. eds., 2016.Multinational enterprises in less developed countries. Springer. Dunning, J.H., 2012.International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Routledge. Gm.com. (2017).General Motors Overview | GM.com. [online] Available at: https://www.gm.com/company/company-overview.html [Accessed 11 Aug. 2017]. Grnig, R. and Morschett, D., 2012. Evaluating market entry modes. InDeveloping International Strategies(pp. 123-148). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Jackson, D., 2015. Employability skill development in work-integrated learning: Barriers and best practice.Studies in Higher Education,40(2), pp.350-367. Killing, P., 2012.Strategies for joint venture success (RLE international business)(Vol. 22). Routledge. Li, Y. and Zahra, S.A., 2012. Formal institutions, culture, and venture capital activity: A cross-country analysis.Journal of Business Venturing,27(1), pp.95-111. Samargandi, N., Fidrmuc, J. and Ghosh, S., 2014. Financial development and economic growth in an oil-rich economy: The case of Saudi Arabia.Economic Modelling,43, pp.267-278. Stankovi?, J. and Novakovi?, I., 2014. Impact of Local Self-Government Institutions on Creating a Business-Friendly Environment: Multi-Criteria Analysis.Handbook of Research on Democratic Strategies and Citizen-Centered E-Government Services, p.353. Suliman, A.M., Al-Khatib, H.T. and Thomas, S.E., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility.Corporate Social Performance: Reflecting on the Past and Investing in the Future, p.15. Swanson, Z.L., Singer, R. and Downs, A., 2013. Goodwill impairment: A comparative country analysis.Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal,17(1), p.25.